On February 24 and 25, 2023, the United Kingdom and European Union each adopted additional sanctions against Russia due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. These new measures are summarized below.
This post marks the third entry in our Year-in-Review series. For prior posts, click here.
Many of the first measures that the United States, European Union and United Kingdom collectively took against Russia in 2022 related to aircraft and international air travel. As the conflict broke out, each jurisdiction quickly prevented Russian actors from entering their airspace. Over the past year, export controls on the aviation industry and sanctions on companies that support the Russian aviation sector have grown increasingly complex. Those rules have also been applied to Russia’s ally, Belarus. Meanwhile, Russia has imposed a number of significant countermeasures in order to keep aircraft within Russia. Below, we explore how key sanctions on Russia have affected the aviation industry.
This post marks the second entry in our Year-in-Review series. For prior posts, click here.
Few sectors have been more affected by the sanctions on Russia than the energy industry. As Russia’s largest industry, it has been a focus of sanctions designed to deter the continuation and escalation of the conflict in Ukraine, with policies targeting the trade in oil and gas, new equity and debt, investment in energy projects, and export to Russia of equipment and parts, as well as designations of specific companies and individuals in the sector.
On February 24, 2022, the United States (U.S.), European Union (EU), United Kingdom (UK), and other countries issued a barrage of sanctions against the Russian financial sector, cutting off many major banks from the global financial system. These initial measures were coordinated among the US, EU, UK and other G7 countries and largely mirrored one another. As the year progressed, the U.S., EU and UK each imposed new and distinct measures to restrict Russia’s ability to raise capital. Over time, important deviations between jurisdictions began to emerge, creating a vast and multijurisdictional impact on Russia’s financial sector. Russia, in turn, imposed its own measures in an attempt to mitigate that impact. In order for companies to operate in global markets, it became increasingly necessary to understand how to navigate multiple sanctions regimes. Below, we describe several of the key measures levied against the Russian financial sector over the past year.
On February 24, 2022, Russia’s entry into Ukraine set off an unprecedented wave of sanctions and export controls by a wide coalition of countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. The goal of these measures is to cripple the Russian economy and its military capability, and they have had a widespread impact—both direct and indirect—on a broad array of global industries.
EU’s Ninth Package
On Friday 16 December 2022 the EU issued its ninth package of sanctions against Russia. Under the new package:
A wind down has been included until 16 January 2023 for contracts entered into prior to 17 December 2022. The new restriction is subject to the existing exemption for Russian subsidiaries of EEA, Swiss, or “partner country” companies.
UK Measures
On Thursday 15 December, the UK laid the Russia (Sanctions) (EU Exit) (Amendment) (No. 17) Regulations 2022 before Parliament. The new regulations:
On December 5, 2022, the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced a $60 per barrel price cap on maritime transfers of Russian-origin crude oil. The final cap level is being implemented multilaterally by the Price Cap Coalition, which include the Group of 7 (G7) nations and Australia.
On November 2, 2022, Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce Thea Rozman Kendler answered questions on the Bureau of Industry and Security’s (BIS) October 13 interim final rule (“the Rule”) regarding restrictions on certain advanced computing integrated circuits and semiconducting manufacturing items exported to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Pillsbury has described the Rule here. Comments on the Rule will be accepted until January 31, 2023. (Previously, comments were accepted until December 12, 2022. This date was extended on December 7, 2022.)
The U.S. Department of Treasury recently released Enforcement and Penalty Guidelines (Guidelines) that outline conduct violating the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS or Committee) regulations. Specifically, these Guidelines, the first of their kind, outline CFIUS’ process and practical considerations when deciding whether to impose penalties and how severely to enforce a violation.
Various reports indicate that the Group of Seven nations (G7) will announce its initial capped price for Russian-origin crude oil transported by maritime means (“seaborne”) this week. The cap will come into effect on December 5, 2022, for crude oil (including condensate) and February 5, 2023, for petroleum products.
